Pre-history

The Computer Science Network 


The Computer Science Network (CSNET) was a computer network in the United States that started running in 1981. Its goal was to expand networking benefits to departments of computer science at academic and research institutions that could not be explicitly linked to ARPANET due to restrictions on funding or authorization.

There had been three major components of CSNET project: an email relaying program (Delaware and RAND), a name service (Wisconsin), and tunnelling infrastructure TCP/IP-over-X.25 (Purdue). Initial access was by dial-up telephone or X.29/X.25 terminal emulation via email relay, via gateways at Delaware and RAND. TCP/IP, even running over X.25, was finally introduced to CSNET access.

The network operated from 1981 until its eventual shut down in 1991, where it was replaced with more advanced networks. The network was a great early start for internet and it had a great influence on the internet in its culture, where you can still feel its influence.


ARPANET

The network which became the basis for the Internet was ARPANET. It was developed under the direction of the U.S. on the basis of a design first issued in 1967. Committee For Advanced Research Programs. In 1969, with the interconnection of four university computers, the concept became a modest reality. The initial aim was to collaborate and exchange computing resources in linked institutions with primarily science users. The revolutionary idea of transmitting information in small units called packets that could be routed on separate routes and rebuilt at their destination was taken advantage of by ARPANET. In the 1970s, the introduction of TCP/IP protocols permitted the scale of the network, which had now become a network of networks, to be extended in an orderly manner.

The network was for a while handed into the US military hands, where it was developed even further, in the later years the system was developed and eventually became the Internet we know today.


This a great example of a network, that was developed in the 60s and is still partly used today. This really shows how much we can do with limited resources, especially when there are military interests and where money is involved 

Reference  Peter j. Denning; Anthony Hearn; C. William Kern (April 1983). 

J. McQuillan, I. Richer and E. Rosen, "The New Routing Algorithm for the ARPANET,"


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