CopyLeft

 The process of granting the freedom to freely share and alter intellectual property with the condition that the same rights be protected in derivative works produced by that property is known as copyleft.  Copyleft in the form of licenses may be used to keep copyright conditions on a variety of works, including computer applications, papers, art, technological discoveries, and even patents.

The GNU General Public License (GPL), which was originally written by Richard Stallman and was the first software copyleft license to see widespread use, and the Creative Commons share-alike license condition, which is a copyleft license intended for other aspects of intellectual property such as documentation and images, are two notable copyleft licenses.


There are three different forms of copyleft:

weak copyleft: Weak Copyleft licenses are free software licenses that require source code derived from software licensed under them to be licensed under the same weak copyleft license. However, poor copyleft code may be linked to other code (including non-open-source code) or otherwise incorporated into larger applications.

example: The Mozilla Public Licence was phrased for the public source release of the Mozilla project. It was characterised as a hybridisation of the modified BSD licence and the GPL. This licence was ruled as GPL-incompatible, which eventually caused the Mozilla project to re-license its code under a triple MPL, GPL and LGPL licence. This is still the licensing terms of Mozilla projects such as the Firefox web-browser up to today.


Strong copyleft: Strong copyleft licenses go a step further than weak copyleft licenses, requiring that any distributed software that connects or otherwise integrates such code be licensed under compliant licenses, which are a subset of the open-source licenses that are available. As a result, these licenses have earned the moniker "viral."


example: The Sleepycat licence. This licence was formulated by Sleepycat Software (now part of Oracle) for use in their Berkeley DB database product. The reason this licence was chosen instead of the GPL was that the source for the Berkeley DB was originally written under one of the BSD licences, and it was not clear whether it was possible to sub-license it under the GPL.

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